Our long-term research objective is to determine the impact
of diet on disorders of lipid metabolism with a primary
focus on lipoproteins and their association with chronic
diseases, particularly atherosclerosis and lithogenic bile
formation (gallstones).
Over the years we have determined that the different susceptibility
to atherosclerosis among species, including monkeys and
humans, depends on inherent and diet-induced differences
in their lipoproteins (putatively the genetic and dietary
control over lipoprotein character and metabolism) and thrombogenesis
(as measured by platelet aggregation threshold and fibrinolysis).
To pursue this hypothesis we are currently focused on the
individual contribution of specific dietary fatty acids
affecting the metabolism of atherogenic lipoproteins and
thrombotic function in humans and animal models. We anticipate
that this approach will allow us to determine how dietary
fat (fatty acids) are involved in the atherogenic process.
A second component of the diet fat-lipoprotein connection
under investigation concerns bile lithogenicity and gallstones.
It so happens that humans and certain strains of golden
hamsters are susceptible to gallstones, in part, because
both species have poor bile acid synthesis and try to excrete
excess cholesterol directly into bile. It is our hypothesis
that phospholipid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism affect
lipoproteins (especially VLDL and HDL) to modulate bile
acid production and biliary cholesterol secretion to affect
gallstone susceptibility. Ultimately it will be important
to resolve the genetic control point which must underlie
these differences in lipid metabolism.
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Click here
to see an enlarged view of the figure titled, "Metabolic
Factors Influencing the Lipoprotein Profile and Atherogenesis".
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Selected Publications:
Hayes KC, Pronczuk A, Cook MW, Robbins MC. (2003) Betaine
in sub-acute and sub-chronic rat studies. Food Chem Toxicol.
41(12):1685-700. [abstract
in PubMed]
Wijendran V, Pronczuk A, Bertoli C, Hayes KC. (2003) Dietary
trans-18:1 raises plasma triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol
when replacing either 16:0 or 18:0 in gerbils. J Nutr
Biochem. 14(10):584-90. [abstract
in PubMed]
Sher J, Pronczuk A, Hajri T, Hayes KC. (2003) Dietary conjugated
linoleic acid lowers plasma cholesterol during cholesterol
supplementation, but accentuates the atherogenic lipid profile
during the acute phase response in hamsters. J Nutr.
133(2):456-60. [abstract
in PubMed]
Hayes KC. (2002) Dietary fat and heart health: in search
of the ideal fat. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 11 Suppl
7:S394-400.
Treadwell RM, Pronczuk A, Hayes KC. (2002) Glyceride stearic
acid content and structure affect the energy available to
growing rats. J Nutr.; 132(11):3356-62. [abstract
in PubMed]
Hayes, K.C., Pronczuk, A., Wijendran, V., and Beer, M.
(2002) Free phytosterols effectively reduce plasma and liver
cholesterol in gerbils fed cholesterol. J Nutr .
132:1983-88. [abstract
in PubMed]
Hayes, K.C., Pronczuk, A., and Perlman, D. (2001) Vitamin
E in fortified cow milk uniquely enriches human plasma lipoproteins.
Am J Clin Nutr. 74:211-218. [abstract
in PubMed]
Hayes, K.C. (2001) n6 versus n3 fatty acid modulation of
lipoprotein metabolism. In, Omega-3 Fatty Acids: chemistry,
nutrition, and health effects", ed. F. Shahidi and J.W.
Finley. Am Chem. Soc., Oxford Univ Press.p,37-53.
Hayes KC. (2001) Synthetic and modified glycerides: effects
on plasma lipids. Curr Opin Lipidol. 12:55-60.
[abstract
in PubMed]
Hayes KC. (2000) Dietary fatty acids, cholesterol, and
the lipoprotein profile. Br J Nutr. 84:397-9.
Trautwein EA, Siddiqui A, Hayes KC. (1999) Characterization
of the bile acid profile in developing male and female hamsters
in response to dietary cholesterol challenge. Comp Biochem
Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 124:93-103. [abstract
in PubMed]
Sibulesky, L., Hayes, K.C., Pronczuk, A., Weigel-DiFranco,
C., Rosner, B., and E.L. Berson. 1999. Safety of <7500 RE
(<25000 IU) vitamin A daily in adults with retinitis pigmentosa.
Am J Clin Nutr 69:656-63. [abstract
in PubMed]
Hajri, T., Khosla, P., Pronczuk, A., and K.C. Hayes. 1998.
Myristic acid-rich fat raises plasma LDL by stimulating
LDL production without affecting fractional clearance in
gerbils fed a cholesterol- free diet. J Nutr 128:477-84.
[abstract
in PubMed]
Li, T., Sandberg, M.A., Pawlyk, B.S., Hayes, K.C., Dryja,
T.P., and Berson, E.L. Vitamin A supplementation slows photoreceptor
degeneration in mice carrying the T17M rhodopsin mutation.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:11933- 38,1998.
Hayes, K.C., Lindsey, S., Pronczuk, A., Trautwein, E.,
and Khosla, P. Fatty acid modulation of lipoprotein metabolism
by natural triglycerides in hamsters: lipoprotein turnover
and hepatic mRNA abundance. In, Structurally Modified
Food Fats: Synthesis, Biochemistry, and Use. ed. by
A. Christophe, pp.170-181. AOCS Press, 1998.
Hayes, K.C., Khosla, P., Hajri, T., and A. Pronczuk. 1997.
Saturated fatty acids and LDL receptor modulation in humans
and monkeys. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids
57:411-8. [abstract
in PubMed]
Khosla, P. and Hayes, K.C. Dietary trans fatty acids and
lipoprotein cholesterol. Am. J. Clin Nutr.61:843- 844, 1995
(letter).
Hayes, K.C. Saturated fats and blood lipids: new slant
on an old story. Can J. Cardiol. 11: 39G-46G,
1995. [abstract]
Last update: Wednesday, April 14, 2004. E-mail comments
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