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alternate
|
multiple leaves do not grow from the same spot on the branch; leaves grow at regular intervals with each leaf growing from its own place on the branch
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| aril |
a fleshy, usually brightly colored cover of a seed
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| biennial |
a plant that normally requires two seasons to complete its life cycle, growing usually as a rosette in the first season and producing flowers and fruits and then dying in the second season
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|
bract
|
a somewhat leaflike, petal-like, or woody structure occurring beneath a flower or fruit |
| bundle scar |
a small mark on a leaf scar indicating a point where a vein from the leaf was once connected with the stem
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| catkin |
a usually dense, cylindrical, often drooping cluster of unisexual apetalous flowers
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compound
|
leaves composed of 2 or more leaflets; to determine which stucture is the leaf and which is the leaflet, check the base of the stem -- there will be remnants of buds present at the base of a leaf but not a leaflet
|
| composite |
considered the most highly evolved dicotyledonous plants, characterized by florets arranged in dense heads that resemble single flowers |
| cross-streaks |
short, horizontal lines present on the bark of a tree |
| double-toothed |
on every tooth a smaller tooth will be found so that there are 2 levels of toothing around the edge of a leaf or leaflet (compare to single-toothed)
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|
end bud
|
they can be either true or false; a true end bud actually lies on the end of twig while a false end bud occurs in some species when the end bud is shed and a nearby side bud acts as the end bud (a scar mark will be present on the end of the twig in the case of the false end bud)
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|
even leaf base
|
when holding the leaf or leaflet with the petiole pointing down, the lowermost edges of the leaf/leaflet that lie on either side of the stem are even in size (compare with uneven leaf base)
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| evergreen |
a tree, shrub, or plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year
|
|
feather-compound
|
mid-vein of leaflets branch out from the central mid-vein of the leaf at several points in a featherlike pattern
|
| gall |
an abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects, microorganisms, or external injury
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| gracile |
slender and graceful |
| hardwood |
made of the hard-to-cut wood of a broad-leaved tree
|
| heartwood |
the older, nonliving central wood of a tree or woody plant, usually darker and harder than the younger sapwood (also called duramen) |
| inflorescence |
the flowering part of a plant or arrangement of flowers on a stalk |
| infructescence |
the fruiting stage of an inflorescence |
|
lance-shaped
|
long and pointed |
| leaf scar |
the mark left on a twig after a leaf falls
|
|
leaflet
|
a leaflike subdivision of a compound leaf |
|
lobed
|
divided into incompletely separated sections; often rounded |
|
mid-vein
|
the central vein of a leaf or leaflet |
| mordant |
a substance that fixes a dye
|
|
opposite
|
leaves or leaflets that sprout from the same position on a branch, usually on opposite sides of the branch
|
|
petiole
|
the stalk supporting the leaf that extends from the bottom |
|
pistillate
|
containing only the female reproductive structures (pistil) |
| ray |
each of the flowers surrounding the edge of a disk-shaped composite flower; each ray resembles a petal |
|
pithy
|
having a spongy or hollow center |
| resin |
any of numerous clear to translucent yellow or brown, solid or semisolid, viscous substances of plant origin
|
| rosette |
a circular cluster of leaves that radiate from a center at or close to the ground
|
| samara |
a dry, indehiscent (does not split open at maturity), winged, often one-seeded fruit (also called keys) |
| scales |
a thin, membrane-like covering of the bud |
|
simple
|
leaves wih only a single blade (compare to compound) |
|
single-toothed
|
bearing only a single set of teeth (compare to double-toothed) |
| softwood |
made of the easy-to-cut wood of a coniferous tree
|
|
staminate
|
containing only the male reproductive structures (stamen) |
|
toothed
|
a leaf with small pointed ridges around its edge (see also single-toothed and double-toothed)
|
|
uneven leaf base
|
when holding the leaf or leaflet with the petiole pointing down, one of the lowermost edges is larger than the other (compare with uneven leaf base)
|
| whorl |
when branches are arranged in circles around trunk or needles are arranged in circles around a stem |
